The Atlas Bear was a recently extinct bear from North Africa. It was not a dinosaur and not a lion, but an extinct brown bear population or subspecies. Atlas Bears lived around the Atlas Mountains and nearby areas, and they are remembered as the only bear known from Africa in recent historical times.

The aurochs was a huge wild cattle species and the wild ancestor of domestic cattle. It was not a dinosaur and not the same as a modern farm cow. Aurochs roamed parts of Europe, Asia, and North Africa for thousands of years before the last known individual died in Poland in 1627.

Bachman's Warbler was a small migratory songbird from North America and Cuba. It was not a dinosaur, and it was not a common backyard warbler. It bred in wet forests and cane thickets of the southeastern United States, wintered in Cuba, and was officially delisted by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service due to extinction in 2023.

The Bali Tiger was a tiger population from the Indonesian island of Bali. It was not a dinosaur and not the same as the Sumatran tiger that still survives. Bali Tigers were the smallest of the modern tiger island forms and vanished after hunting, shrinking forests, and heavy human pressure.

The Bluebuck, also called the blue antelope, was a recently extinct antelope from South Africa. It was not a dinosaur and not actually bright blue. Its coat looked bluish-gray in some light, and it was related to roan antelopes and sable antelopes.

The Broad-Billed Parrot was a large extinct parrot from Mauritius. It was not a dinosaur and not the same as a macaw or cockatoo. This island bird had a huge head, a powerful beak, and a mysterious life known from old drawings, bones, and short historical accounts.

The Broad-Faced Potoroo was a small extinct marsupial from southwestern Australia. It was not a dinosaur or a rat, although potoroos are sometimes called rat-kangaroos. Scientists know it from a few specimens, subfossil bones, and old records, which makes this little potoroo a museum detective story with whiskers.

The Bubal Hartebeest was a recently extinct antelope from North Africa. It was not a dinosaur and not a cow, though it belonged to the same large hoofed mammal family as cattle and antelopes. This sandy-colored hartebeest lived in dry grasslands and desert-edge habitats, and the last known individual was shot in Algeria in 1925.

The Caribbean Monk Seal was a recently extinct seal that lived in the Caribbean Sea and Gulf of Mexico. It was not a dinosaur or sea lion, but a true seal adapted to warm tropical waters. The last confirmed sighting was in 1952, and the species was declared extinct in 2008.

The Carolina parakeet was a colorful recently extinct parrot from the eastern and central United States. It was not a dinosaur, and it was the only parrot species native to the United States. It lived in forests, swamps, and river valleys, but disappeared in the early 1900s after habitat loss, hunting, and other pressures.

The Caspian Tiger was a tiger population that once lived across parts of Central Asia, the Caucasus, northern Iran, eastern Turkey, and nearby regions. It was not a dinosaur and not a sea animal, despite the Caspian name. This tiger used river forests, reed beds, and tugai habitats before disappearing in the 1900s.

The Choiseul Pigeon was a recently extinct pigeon from Choiseul Island in the Solomon Islands. It was not a dinosaur and not a city pigeon. This large crested ground bird lived in island forests, was known locally as the kuvojo, and has had no confirmed records since 1904.

The Christmas Island Pipistrelle was a tiny bat found only on Christmas Island, an Australian territory in the Indian Ocean. It was not a bird or flying mouse, but a small insect-eating bat. The last known bat was detected by its call in August 2009, and the species was later declared extinct.

The Crescent Nailtail Wallaby, also called the worong, was a recently extinct Australian marsupial. It was not a dinosaur or a kangaroo, but a small wallaby with a strange horny nail-like tip on its tail and pale crescent markings on its body. It lived in scrublands, woodlands, and arid country before disappearing in the 1900s.

The Cuban Macaw was a colorful extinct parrot from Cuba and nearby Isla de la Juventud. It was not a dinosaur and not the same as the Scarlet Macaw, though it looked similar. This red, blue, and yellow macaw lived in Caribbean forests and disappeared in the late 1800s after hunting, trapping, and habitat loss.

The Desert Rat-Kangaroo, also called the desert bettong or oolacunta, was a small hopping marsupial from central Australia. It was not a rat and not a true kangaroo, though it hopped like one. It disappeared, was rediscovered in 1931, then vanished again after its last confirmed record in 1935.

The dodo was a flightless bird that lived only on Mauritius, an island in the Indian Ocean. It was not a dinosaur and not a silly bird. The dodo was related to pigeons and doves, lived in island forests, and went extinct in the 1600s after people and introduced animals changed its world.

The Eastern Hare-Wallaby was a small extinct wallaby from southeastern Australia. It was not a hare or a rabbit, even though it could bound away with speedy, hare-like jumps. This shy nocturnal marsupial rested in tussocks and saltbush by day, then came out at night in grasslands and open country.

Elephant birds were giant extinct flightless birds from Madagascar. They were not dinosaurs, and they were not elephants, despite their name. These huge birds lived in island habitats, ate plants, laid the largest known bird eggs, and disappeared after humans changed Madagascar's ecosystems.

The Falkland Islands Wolf, also called the warrah, was a recently extinct canid that lived only on the Falkland Islands in the South Atlantic. It was not a true wolf and not a fox, though it looked dog-like. It was the only native land mammal of the Falkland Islands and became extinct in 1876.

The great auk was a flightless seabird from the North Atlantic. It was not a penguin and not a dinosaur, even though it looked a bit penguin-like. Great auks were excellent swimmers, nested on rocky islands, and were driven to extinction by heavy hunting in the 1800s.

The Guadalupe Caracara was a recently extinct bird of prey from Guadalupe Island off Mexico. It was not a dinosaur, hawk, or eagle, but a caracara in the falcon family. This bold island raptor was hunted and poisoned by people, and it vanished in the early 1900s.

Haast's Eagle was a giant extinct eagle from New Zealand. It was not a dinosaur, but one of the largest eagles ever known. This powerful bird hunted moa in South Island forests and became extinct after moa disappeared and New Zealand's ecosystems changed after people arrived.

The Heath Hen was a recently extinct bird from the eastern United States. It was not a dinosaur, but a grouse and close relative of prairie chickens. Heath Hens once lived in open barrens, scrublands, and grasslands, but the final known bird, Booming Ben, disappeared on Martha's Vineyard in 1932.

The Japanese Sea Lion was a recently extinct marine mammal from the western North Pacific. It was not a dinosaur or true seal, but an eared seal related to California sea lions. It lived around Japan, Korea, and nearby coasts, formed breeding colonies, and disappeared after heavy hunting and other human pressures.

The Javan Tiger was a tiger population from the Indonesian island of Java. It was not a dinosaur, and it was not the same as the Sumatran tiger still living today. It was officially treated as extinct after no confirmed evidence was found, though a disputed 2019 hair sample has kept the mystery door slightly open.

The Kauaʻi ʻŌʻō was a recently extinct songbird that lived only on the Hawaiian island of Kauaʻi. It was not a dinosaur, and it was not a parrot. This small dark bird belonged to a lost Hawaiian honeyeater family, fed on nectar and insects, and is famous for the haunting recording of the last known male calling with no mate answering.

The Labrador Duck was a recently extinct sea duck from the western North Atlantic. It was not a dinosaur, and it was not a Labrador dog. This rare duck lived along cold Atlantic coasts, likely ate shellfish, and disappeared in the late 1800s before scientists could learn everything about it.

The Lake Mackay Hare-Wallaby, also called the Central Hare-Wallaby or kuluwarri, was a recently extinct Australian marsupial. It was not a rabbit or a true kangaroo, but a small hare-wallaby known from one preserved skull and Aboriginal knowledge. It lived in central desert country around Lake Mackay, spinifex, sand plains, and dunes.

The Laughing Owl, also called whēkau, was a recently extinct owl from New Zealand. It was not a dinosaur, and it did not really laugh like a person, though its strange calls gave it the name. This long-legged owl hunted at night, nested around rocks and bluffs, and disappeared in the early 1900s.

The Lesser Bilby was a small extinct marsupial from Australia’s deserts. It was related to the living Greater Bilby, but smaller, paler, and with a mostly white tail. Scientists know it from only a small number of specimens, Indigenous knowledge, and scattered records from arid Australia.

The Mauritian Blue Pigeon, often called the Mauritius Blue Pigeon, was a colorful extinct pigeon from Mauritius. It was not a dinosaur and not an ordinary city pigeon. This island bird had blue body feathers, white neck hackles, red bare skin and tail feathers, and it lived in forests before disappearing in the 1800s.

Moa were extinct flightless birds from New Zealand. They were not dinosaurs, and they were not just one species. There were several kinds of moa, from turkey-sized birds to giant species taller than many people. Moa were plant eaters and are famous because they had no wings at all.

The Norfolk Kaka was a recently extinct parrot from Norfolk Island and nearby Phillip Island. It was not a dinosaur and not the same as New Zealand's living kākā, though it was a close relative. This large island parrot used its strong beak to feed on flowers, blossoms, fruits, and seeds before it disappeared in the 1800s.

The Paradise Parrot was a colorful extinct parrot from eastern Australia. It was not a dinosaur, and it was not a rainforest macaw. This ground-feeding parrot lived in grassy woodlands near the Queensland and New South Wales border area, nested in termite mounds, and has not been confirmed alive since 1927.

The passenger pigeon was a recently extinct bird from North America. It was not a dinosaur, and it was not the same as the city pigeons people see today. Passenger pigeons once flew in enormous flocks through eastern forests, but hunting and habitat loss pushed them to extinction in 1914.

The Pig-Footed Bandicoot was a recently extinct Australian marsupial with one of the strangest foot designs of any mammal. It was not a pig and not a rabbit. Its tiny hoof-like toes made it look as if a bandicoot borrowed feet from a miniature hoofed animal, then sprinted away through grasslands and desert plains.

The Pinta Island Tortoise was a giant tortoise from Pinta Island in the Galápagos. It was not a dinosaur, but a reptile related to other Galápagos giant tortoises. The last known Pinta Island Tortoise, Lonesome George, died on June 24, 2012, making the subspecies a famous symbol of extinction and conservation.

The Pyrenean Ibex, also called the bucardo, was a recently extinct wild goat from the Pyrenees and nearby mountains. It was not a dinosaur and not a domestic goat. The last natural Pyrenean Ibex, a female named Celia, died in January 2000, and a cloned baby was born in 2003 but lived only a few minutes.

The quagga was a recently extinct zebra from southern Africa. It was not a dinosaur and not a horse exactly, but a subspecies of plains zebra. Quaggas were famous for having stripes mostly on the front of the body, while the back looked browner and less striped.

The Rodrigues Solitaire was a flightless bird that lived only on Rodrigues, an island in the Indian Ocean. It was not a dinosaur and not the same as the dodo, but it was the dodo's closest extinct relative. Solitaires were pigeon relatives that lived in island forests and disappeared after humans and introduced animals changed their habitat.

Schomburgk's Deer was a recently extinct deer from central Thailand. It was not a dinosaur or a regular farm deer. This graceful wetland deer lived in swampy plains and long grass near the Chao Phraya River system, and males were famous for amazing basket-like antlers with many points.

The Sea Mink was a recently extinct mammal from the rocky coasts of northeastern North America. It was not a sea otter or seal, but a large mink relative. It lived around the Gulf of Maine region, ate coastal prey, and was hunted heavily for its fur before scientists had much chance to study it alive.

Steller's Sea Cow was a giant marine mammal that lived around the Commander Islands in the cold Bering Sea. It was not a dinosaur, seal, or whale, but a sirenian related to dugongs and manatees. Europeans first described it in 1741, and it was hunted to extinction by 1768.

The Syrian Wild Ass was a recently extinct wild equid from West Asia. It was not a donkey breed or a small horse, but an extinct subspecies of onager. This fast desert animal was one of the smallest wild horse relatives and lived in dry grasslands, deserts, and steppes before disappearing in the 1920s.

The Tasmanian tiger, also called the thylacine, was a recently extinct carnivorous marsupial. It was not a tiger and not a wolf, even though its striped back and dog-like body gave it both nicknames. It once lived in mainland Australia and New Guinea, but survived into modern times on Tasmania.

The Toolache Wallaby was a recently extinct marsupial from southeastern Australia. It was not a kangaroo, though it was a close kangaroo-family relative. This elegant wallaby lived in grassy and scrubby habitats of South Australia and nearby regions, but hunting, habitat loss, and introduced predators pushed it to extinction in the 1900s.

The Western Black Rhinoceros was a recently extinct subspecies of black rhinoceros from Africa. It was not a dinosaur, and it was not the same as every black rhino alive today. This browsing rhino once lived in parts of western and central Africa, but poaching pushed it to extinction, and the IUCN declared it extinct in 2011.

Yallara was another name for the Lesser Bilby, a small extinct rabbit-eared marsupial from central Australian deserts. It was not a rabbit and not a mouse, even though it had long ears and a tiny body. This shy burrower survived into the 1900s, with Aboriginal memories suggesting it may have lasted longer than scientists directly recorded.